Treatment effects are often estimated by the least squares estimator controlling for some covariates. This paper investigates its properties. When the propensity score is constant, it is a consistent estimator of the average treatment effects if it is viewed as a semiparametric partially linear...

In this paper, we use administrative data from the social security to study income dynamics and income risk inequality in Spain between 2005 and 2018. We construct individual measures of income risk as functions of past employment history, income, and demographics. Focusing on males, we document...

Bias correction can often improve the finite sample performance of estimators. We show that the choice of bias correction method has no effect on the higherorder variance of semiparametrically efficient parametric estimators, so long as the estimate of the bias is asymptotically linear. It is...