When prices spike in international grain markets, national governments often reduce the extent to which that spike affects their domestic food markets. Those actions exacerbate the price spike and international welfare transfer associated with that terms of trade change. Several recent analyses...

Proper prepositioning of emergency supplies can dramatically improve the efficiency of emergency response work. However, the uncertainties of emergency demands and road conditions bring difficulties to the prepositioning of emergency supplies. This paper proposes a two-stage robust model to...