The electricity supply industry in England and Wales was under public ownership from 1948 to 1990. For most of this period, the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) operated all generation and transmission as a vertically integrated statutory monopoly. In 1990, the CEGB was restructured...

Privatized in 1984, British Telecommunications (BT) is the longest-standing privatized utility in the United Kingdom. Comparing BT's stock market returns over a long period with returns for a comparable sample of firms not affected by regulation, the author assesses whether the new...

Arab oil exporting countries have been advised by the IMF to diversify their economies away from oil and that the way to do that is to adopt the ten principles of the Washington Consensus, which call for liberalization, deregulation and privatization. It is not clear how measures like these are...

This paper uses the theory of "capital as power" to analyze the struggle over public pensions in the United States. While mainstream commentators claim that public pensions must be "reformed" because they are "under funded", I argue that the metrics used to make this argument are unsound....

This study investigates the dynamic effect of economic liberalization, privati‑ zation, and globalization on the export performance of Ethiopian manufacturing firms. We use structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the direct and indirect influences between these macroeconomic reforms and...

The challenge of power sector reform in the Arab Republic of Egypt has long been dominated by extremely high subsidies, with prices set well below the costs of supply. These subsidies have taken a variety of forms: explicit subsidies in the government budget, implicit subsidies in the...