This paper develops a closed-loop supply chain model consisting of a single manufacturer, single retailer, and single collector under various coordination scenarios. New products produced from the manufacturing and remanufacturing processes will be sold to the market at the same price. Used...

This study presents a production inventory model where demand is considered a function of the average consumption of perishable products by the diabetic population. Food products are generally subject to spoilage over time, and various preservation technologies are used to keep them in good...