Soft budget constraint refers to the phenomenon that money losing inefficient projects keep on getting subsidies and operating. It was first phrased and analyzed by the late Hungarian economist Janos Kornai when he studied former socialist economies and by now, economists generally have agreed...

In recent years, the relationship between doctors and patients is becoming more and more tense. Many hospitals are paying more attention to the satisfaction of patients, because this is an important indicator to measure the quality of hospital services. In China, it is often a case that...