We identify that consignments rejected by the European Union, due to the presence of unauthorized Genetically Modified food, have been diverted to third countries, creating trade deflections. We rely on a gravity model to examine the effects on food products. Our results show that the rejection...

Bitcoin's evolution has attracted the attention of investors and researchers looking for a better understanding of the efficiency of cryptocurrency markets, considering their prices and volatility. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this understanding by studying the degree of...

Purpose This article aims to investigate how institutional characteristics affect the level of financial development of economies collectively and compare between developed and undeveloped economies. Design/methodology/approach A dynamic panel with 131 countries, including developed and...