Falling energy intensity (increasing efficiency) is believed to be a result of more efficient production methods that have evolved over time, indicating overall sustainability in the production process. The objective of this study is to investigate the diminishing trend of energy intensity and...

Fiscal vulnerability, like a contagion, poses a threat to financial sector stability, which can lead towards sovereign default. This study aimed to assess fiscal vulnerability to crisis by investigating the Australian economy's gross public debt, net public debt, and net financial liabilities....

The aim of this paper is to provide information on how often women direct family expenditures over recreation and travel (Recreation and travel), the extent of their empowerment, and the factors that promote it. Bargaining and feminist theory predict that married women are more empowered to make...

Purpose The authors analyse six actively traded VIX Exchange Traded Products (ETPs) including 1x long, −1x inverse and 2x leveraged products. The authors assess their impact on the VIX Futures index benchmark. Design/methodology/approach Long-run causal relations between daily price movements...