Brazilian agriculture, despite notable growth in recent years and having been responsible for a significant portion of trade surpluses, presents strong spatial heterogeneity. This paper analyzes Brazilian agriculture spatially and structurally, differentiating between permanent and temporary...

Objectives: Is the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) truly ‘irreversible’ as stated in the treaties? (i) From the sovereign debt crises of the 2010s, and the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we draw the lesson that when exposed to large, systemic shocks the EMU faces a trilemma among...

As China's position in the global economy has gradually improved, the importance of debates on the role of the renminbi in the international monetary system has significantly increased. This paper uses bibliometric methods-Bibliometrix R-package and its web-based graphical interface...

The U.S. real effective exchange rate is at its highest level since 1985. In that year, the U.S. and its trading partners coordinated a depreciation of the dollar and the U.S. agreed to reduce its budget deficit. This paper reports that a dollar depreciation today would still improve U.S. trade...

In this paper, we study the effectiveness of FX interventions in Chile since adopting a fully flexible exchange rate regime in the late 1990s. In particular, we ask whether these interventions have dumped excess exchange rate volatility and reduced its probability of being in a high volatility...

We employ a threshold vector error correction model approach to investigate the impact of China's exchange rate marketization reform in August 2015 on the linkage between renminbi (RMB) onshore (CNY) and offshore (CNH) exchange rates and the impact of post-reform policy interventions by the...

Changes in interest rates, inflation, and exchange rates are the main components of macroeconomic risks (financial risks) in projects evaluation. However, the conduct of monetary policy as well as its impact on the economic environment is seldom considered as an important component of...

This study aimed to examine real effective exchange rate (REER) misalignment in Iran and its relation to the currency crisis. The behavioral equilibrium exchange rate was employed to calculate the equilibrium exchange rate (EER), and misalignment was obtained using the exchange rate deviation...

Supply shocks bring about important dilemmas for monetary policy in emerging economies. We compute monetary policy responses to supply shocks using quarterly data and a Bayesian panel VAR for 24 emerging economies during the period 2004-2019. In this framework, we identify supply shocks as...