Third-party tracking, the collection and sharing of behavioural data about individuals, is a significant and ubiquitous privacy threat in mobile apps. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was introduced in 2018 to protect personal data better, but there exists, thus far, limited...

Data heterogeneity, particularly noted in fields such as genetics, has been identified as a key feature of big data, posing significant challenges to innovation in knowledge and information. This paper focuses on characterizing and understanding the so-called "curse of heterogeneity" in gene...

Integration and synergy of environmental policies is crucial for maximizing carbon reduction effects. This study investigates the heterogeneous impact of environmental policy synergy on carbon neutrality using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces between 2003 and 2022 and employing generalized...