Historically, the Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) has fluctuated throughout the years, and its fluctuations have been very much interrelated with other forex markets. Since the IDR fluctuations impact national economic growth, investigating the movements of forex markets with respect to the IDR provides...

We introduce four variants of the common age effect model proposed by Kleinow, which describes the mortality rates of multiple populations. Our model extensions are based on the assumption of multiple common age effects, each of which is shared only by a subgroup of all considered populations....

Bitcoin Pricing Kernels (PKs) are estimated using a novel data set from Deribit, the leading Bitcoin options exchange. The PKs, as the ratio between risk-neutral and physical density, dynamically reflect the change in investor preferences. Thus, the PKs improve the understanding of investor...