Using China's Cybersecurity Law (CSL) as an exogenous shock, I examine how personal data security affects stock crash risk. I find that the stock crash risk of treatment firms (which collect personal data) significantly decreases after the CSL, and such decrease is larger when firms face greater...

Under-reporting in cyber incidents is a well-established problem. Due to reputational risk and the consequent financial impact, a large proportion of incidents are never disclosed to the public, especially if they do not involve a breach of protected data. Generally, the problem of...

The aim of the paper is to explain what is meant by Digital Risk&Governance. For this purpose, it is important to retrace the technological evolution that has affected the last few decades: from branches to Mobile Banking, from the digitalization of transactions to the creation of Fintech, from...

On March 23, 2022, the SEC proposed that firms publicly disclose their cybersecurity incidents within four days of discovery. In the U.S., state-level data breach disclosure laws require firms to disclose the occurrence of a data breach, with some mandating disclosure within a deadline while...

Internet of Things (IoT) enabled networks are highly vulnerable to cyber threats due to insecure wireless communication, resource constraint architecture, different types of IoT devices, and a high volume of sensor data being transported across the network. Therefore, IoT-compatible...

Cyber security importance has escalated globally, driven by its pivotal role in shaping daily life, encompassing both personal and non-personal aspects. Cyber security breach probability functions play a crucial role in comprehending how cyber security investments affect vulnerability to cyber...

Smart networks, e.g., smart grids (SGs) as complex interconnected systems have become more complex and require greater processing and communication capabilities due to the growing use of renewable energy (RE). In addition to being a reliable method for collecting and managing information,...

Financial technologies (fintechs) are continuously expanding, across different markets and financial services. While financial technologies bring many opportunities, such as reduced costs and extended inclusion, they also bring risks, among which include cyber risks, that are difficult to...

As smart cities advance, Internet of Things (IoT) devices present cybersecurity challenges that call for innovative solutions. This paper presents a conceptual model for using AI-enabled anomaly detection systems to identify anomalies and security threats in smart city IoT networks. The...