Background: The unprecedented supply chain disruptions caused by the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic forced many firms to change their way of doing business dramatically. These changes include quickly responding to the growing demand for online orders and the corresponding direct shipments to...

In this volatile post-COVID environment where customers look for ways to order products online using personal computers and mobile devices, a traditional sale/delivery of products via single distribution channel needs to be reassessed. As a revolutionary alternative to a conventional...

Public health agencies and medical organizations have increased their relentless efforts to control the outbreaks of mosquitoes causing West Nile disease epidemics with the re-emergence of deadly disease in the United States. Such measures include a large-scale spray operation of insecticides...