Universities are increasingly expected to be at the heart of networked structures contributing to society in meaningful and measurable ways through research, the teaching and development of experts, and knowledge innovation. While there is nothing new in universities' links with industry, what...

This article is a reflection on the enormous debt that I owe Loet for his kindness, generosity and intellectual mentorship. This is over a period of some twenty years. Loet also became part of the Centre for Innovation Management Research (CIMR) at Birkbeck, University of London. In one of our...

The impact of economic geography both within and beyond the wider field of geography has been constrained in the past by its own limitations. Drawing together the work of several eminent geographers this superb collection assesses the current state of knowledge in the sub discipline and its...

In the original Triple Helix model (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 1995), the three "helices" of Universities, Industry and Government and the (3-way) interactions among and between them were proposed as a basis for looking at how entrepreneurship comes into being. Since the original article, other...

Carayannis and Campbell (2009; 2010) have argued for using quadruple and quintuple helices as models encompassing and generalizing triple-helix dynamics. In the meantime, quadruple and quintuple helices have been adopted by the European Committee for the Regions and the European Commission as...