Since 2011 regular freight rail services have been established between the European Union and China. This article analyses the development of these links – the Eurasian Landbridge – and argues that its origins were market-driven in response to demands of lead firms in Eurasian value chains....

After a year of record international trade in 2022, it is uncertain whether the future of the global economy is fragmentation or a new institutional structure. The challenges are to re-establish a dispute resolution mechanism, as the WTO process currently allows decisions to be appealed into...

International supply chains are dependent on ease of crossing borders and efficient connectivity in terms of price, speed, and reliability. Initially responding to demand from automobile and electronics firms to connect their European and Chinese supply chains with faster and more reliable...

The historical routes from the People's Republic of China (PRC) and India to the Middle East or Europe ran north of, south of, and across the Caspian Sea. Since 1500, maritime transport has dominated trade between Europe and East Asia. Central Asia became an economic backwater, incorporated into...