This paper investigates the effect of enterprise risk management (ERM) implementation on the cost of capital (cost of debt [Cd], cost of equity [Ce], and weighted average cost of capital [WACC]) for the oil and gas industry. The research is conducted using panel data analysis from 2008−2017...

This paper investigates the impact of climate change and technological innovation on economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon emissions by using annual observations of a wide range of variables of Asian and European countries from 1996 to 2021. The study uses a dynamic GMM model and...

Numerous researchers acknowledge that the occupational pension protects employees. However, in China, the total cost of occupational pensions is shared between employees and employers, representing a significant financial commitment. This study aimed to explore the effect of the occupational...