Will the widespread use of cashless payments reduce the frequency of the use of cash payments? This question is important because the major costs of cash use are fixed costs that would only be reduced if the frequency of cash payments substantially decreased, and thus the extent of the reduction...

As in many developing economies, cash is still widely used in Colombia, even among merchants who accept payment cards. Indeed, 60% of these merchants use dissuasive strategies to make their clients pay with cash. This paper presents estimates of merchant card fees that are optimal according to...

The stable money demand function is a crucial policy tool of the monetary policy of any central bank, which links the monetary sector of an economy to its real sector. Notably, after the global financial crisis of 2007-08, the role of money has come to be envisaged as an essential issue while...

This study strengthens the frontiers of research on the drivers of dollarization in emerging economies by exploring the case of Ghana using the autoregressive distributed lag modelling framework. The data for the study spanned from January 2002 to March 2016. The evidence suggests that...

The study explores the factors likely to induce Polish customers to pay by cash, instead of payment cards, for goods and services they are purchasing. The basis of our investigation is microdata obtained in 2020, during the "Payment Habits in Poland in 2020" study, which was conducted by...

Since Barnett derived the user cost price of money, the economic theory of monetary services aggregation has been developed and extended into a field of its own with solid foundations in microeconomic theory. Divisia monetary aggregates have repeatedly been shown to be strictly preferable to...

In an attempt to establish stability of the demand for money, some recent studies have included the volatility of the money supply and output to account for uncertainty. In this paper we consider the experience of Japan but rather than including an uncertainty measure related to money supply and...

This paper investigates the relationship between the bitcoin price and the hashrate by disentangling the effects of the energy efficiency of the bitcoin mining equipment, bitcoin halving, and of structural breaks on the price dynamics. For this purpose, we propose a methodology based on...

This paper characterizes the relationship between monetary aggregates, inflation and economic activity in Switzerland since the mid-1970s. Traditional forms of money demand and quantity theory relationships have remained stable over the whole period. Broad money excesses over trend values,...

We investigate if the Bank of England's liquidity facilities encourage some counterparties to participate more than others and if the use of some collateral assets is promoted more than others. Between 2010 and 2016, there was regular usage of two facilities: Indexed Long-Term Repos (ILTR) and...