Development finance institutions and international financial institutions are increasingly being asked to deliver 'marketlevel impact' through their operations. This paper explores how these institutions consider market effects in their impact assessment systems. We present the two dominant...

We empirically investigate the relevance of multi-homing in two-sided markets. First, we build a micro-founded structural econometric model that encompasses demand for differentiated products and allows for multi-homing on both sides of the market. We then use an original dataset on the Italian...

The study examines the impact of COVID State aid measures (COVID aid) on firm performance for three Member States, namely Italy, Poland and Spain, for which national state aid registers are available. These data on aid recipients are merged with balance sheet data obtained from Bureau Van Dijk...