. Hospitalization/interventions (41%) and indirect costs (68.6%) were the major cost drivers for total direct costs and the overall … economic burden of lung cancer, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings indicate per patient direct medical costs of small cell … lung cancer in terms of both direct and indirect costs. Our findings indicate that hospitalization/interventions cost item …

. Originality/value: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study estimating direct and indirect costs of air pollution …

collect cost information and to calculate the costs from the societal perspective, respectively. The human capital approach … was applied to calculate indirect costs. To collect the required data a researcher-made data collection form was utilized … their self-reports or that of their companions. Results: The results showed that the annual costs of MS in the first and …

reduce transaction costs by (partially) replacing less efficient means of payment, e.g. paper-cash and checks. In this paper …

of direct and hidden costs, and a large disparity in economic burden between related diseases, with the greatest burden … caused a huge economic burden on Chinese society, and hidden costs also respond to a great psychological burden on patients …

‑ tive to investigate stroke-related costs. The main goal was to conduct a systematic literature review on the described … costs associated with stroke care continuum to better understand the evolution of the economic burden and logistic … price indices of the countries in the studies in the years the costs were incurred to 2021 Euros using the World Bank and …

population. The economic burden of CM includes both direct healthcare costs and indirect costs resulting from productivity losses … key findings were extracted from the studies, and reported costs were converted to GBP for cross-country comparisons …. Direct costs, particularly hospitalisation and medication expenses, were identified as the highest contributors. However …

effects of freight transport. Policy efforts on modal shift are legitimate because the size of the external costs of freight … result in a decrease of external costs and infrastructure costs due to freight transport? Our research approach falls apart … North-western Europe that could be transported against at least 10% lower private costs by rail or inland waterways. The …

able to exacerbate environmental, social, and health costs that in the end may prove that shipping, in the way that it is …