This paper investigates the presence of the bubbles that are experienced in the global vanilla (VNL) price, using the GSADF approach. The results show that there are five bubbles in the VNL price that are driven by specific reasons. Also, in this regard, the opening and ending points of each...

In this paper, we investigate the extent to which precious metals can be used as a hedge from the perspective of global supply chain uncertainty (GSCU), which is significant for obtaining higher investment returns. This exploration uses the wavelet-based quantile-on-quantile regression (QQR)...

This paper employs the mixed frequency vector autoregression (MF-VAR) to discuss the causal link between crude oil dependence and military expenditure in China. The empirical results demonstrate that the crude oil dependence Granger causes military expenditure and accounts for 66.8% of the...

China's fiscal decentralisation system has led to the increase of local governments' independent decision-making power, which promotes to the optimisation of industrial structure and has an impact on energy efficiency. This study analyzes the social network of energy efficiency based on gravity...

With the control of the cryptocurrency market in environmental protection, investors pay attention to the risk conduction mechanism between energy consumption and the Bitcoin market. This paper applies quantile connectedness to analyse the overall situation and dynamic evolution of information...

This paper investigates the link between crude oil prices (COP) and green bonds through a rolling-window Granger-causality test. The positive, negative, and uncorrelated impacts of COP on the green bond index (GBI) are captured with the same sample. The positive effects show that the prosperity...

The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize moving the manufacturing sector towards adopting environmentally friendly practices. Manufacturing industries play a critical role in the economic growth of a country; however, they are also associated with directly affecting the environment....

This paper investigates the ability of gold to hedge worldwide risks from the perspective of global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU). By applying the full- and sub-sample rolling-window bootstrap causality tests to analyze the dynamic interaction between GEPU and gold price (GP). It can be...

This study's main purpose is to use Bayesian structural time-series models to investigate the causal effect of an earthquake on the Borsa Istanbul Stock Index. The results reveal a significant negative impact on stock market value during the post-treatment period. The results indicate rapid...

The paper analyzes the threshold effect of technology innovation on renewable energy in the G10 countries through the panel threshold method. The outcome shows that technology innovation has a low impact on renewable energy when technology innovation is below the threshold value. However,...