This study highlights how COVID-19 has affected small and medium enterprises, drawing on newly released World Bank Enterprise Surveys in 13 countries. The study shows that firms of all sizes are severely affected in multiple dimensions; however, firm size matters for the intensity of the...

Development finance institutions (DFIs) face significant challenges in addressing unmet development needs, particularly in smaller, lower-income countries with few large firms and high investment risks, and in sectors with few private operators. In response, some DFIs, like British International...

This book explores the short- to medium-term corporate governance issues that China is encountering during the course of corporation and ownership transformation of its enterprise sector. The study looks at companies participating in the two main forms of ownership diversification: listed...

The development story in Vietnam in recent years has been one of remarkable progress (Dollar 2002). Over the 1990s, the economy doubled and the incidence of poverty declined by half. Although these are indeed notable achievements, they are but the first steps across a difficult terrain. About 30...

This article takes an integrated approach to evaluating the interaction of initial conditions, political change, reforms and economic performance in a unified framework covering 28 transition economies in East Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and the Former Soviet Union (FSU). Initial...

This article takes an integrated approach to evaluating the interaction of initial conditions, political change, reforms and economic performance in a unified framework covering 28 transition economies in East Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and the fsu. Initial conditions and economic policy...