This study considers a supply chain consisting of a commodity supplier and a final product manufacturer with uncertain demand. In addition to purchasing from the supplier through a forward contract, the manufacturer can adjust their inventory by trading the commodity in an online spot market...

Recently, China's Ministry of Education has established a new department to regulate extracurricular tutoring for the purpose of reducing students' excessive academic burden. In this paper, we provide empirical evidence that academic competitiveness among students is a key driver of the...

Why can complex knowledge be produced in some places but not in others? Regional knowledge complexity possesses a powerful explanatory and predictive capacity for regional innovation and economic development, yet the mechanisms underlying the formation of regional knowledge complexity remain...

The efficient capital markets hypothesis (EMH) posits that security prices incorporate all available information in capital markets. Nevertheless, real stock markets often exhibit speculative behavior due to information asymmetry and the limited rationality of investors. This paper employs...

This paper examines how the economic relations between China and the Central Asian countries affect the economic development of the Central Asian countries in the context of the Belt and Road economy. China has come up with the global economic strategy initiative known as '"'One Belt, One Road"...