The paper dates back to the period when the author became acquainted with Loet Leydesdorff and is mainly devoted to the research that the author had the opportunity to conduct together with Loet. Major research topics include the development of the Triple Helix model and the dynamic model of...

In the original Triple Helix model (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 1995), the three "helices" of Universities, Industry and Government and the (3-way) interactions among and between them were proposed as a basis for looking at how entrepreneurship comes into being. Since the original article, other...

Carayannis and Campbell (2009; 2010) have argued for using quadruple and quintuple helices as models encompassing and generalizing triple-helix dynamics. In the meantime, quadruple and quintuple helices have been adopted by the European Committee for the Regions and the European Commission as...