The primary use of futures is hedging risk. Traders in the spot market can hedge certain risks through the futures market. With the development of the futures market, the arbitrage transactions around futures have attracted increasingly attention. The aim of this paper is to establish an...

This study uses prefecture-level city statistical data from China from 2000-2022 to measure the supply and demand of livestock manure nitrogen nutrients and calculates farmland livestock carrying capacity using the nitrogen nutrient balance method. We investigate nitrogen supply and demand and...