To mitigate the impacts of the energy crisis, the European Union has proposed various measures. For the electricity sector a directive prescribes a shift of 5% of the demand in 10% of the peak hours, plus a voluntary 10% overall demand reduction. Here a power system model is used to quantify the...

Geothermal energy has significant untapped potential for both electrical and direct-use applications in the EU. Currently, 'traditional' hydrothermal applications are most common for electricity production, but if EGS technology is proven the technical potential increases significantly. The...

The transition to clean energy is both a climate imperative and a materials challenge. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the supply chain for wind turbines, a cornerstone of the EU's energy transition strategy. Significant dependencies are found for rare earth elements including...

The European Union (EU) faces a significant challenge to develop manufacturing capacity for solar photovoltaics (PV) and one key aspect concerns the supply of critical raw materials (CRMs) needed along the PV technology supply chain. The report considers the current and future demand for CRMs in...

The European Union (EU) faces a significant challenge to develop manufacturing capacity for solar photovoltaics (PV) and one key aspect concerns the supply of critical raw materials (CRMs) needed along the PV technology supply chain. The report considers the current and future demand for CRMs in...

The transition to clean energy is both a climate imperative and a materials challenge. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the supply chain for wind turbines, a cornerstone of the EU's energy transition strategy. Significant dependencies are found for rare earth elements including...