Purpose - The authors derive the necessary mathematics, provide computer simulations, provide links to free and user-friendly computer programs, and analyze real data sets. Design/methodology/approach - Cohen’s d, which indexes the difference in means in standard deviation units, is the most...

Purpose - The authors' conclusions are based on mathematical derivations that are supported by computer simulations and three worked examples in applications of economics and finance. Finally, the authors provide a link to a computer program so that researchers can perform the analyses easily....

Purpose - The purpose of this article is to show the gains that can be made if researchers were to use gain-probability (G-P) diagrams. Design/methodology/approach - The authors present relevant mathematical equations, invented examples and real data examples. Findings - G-P diagrams provide a...