Background: To help ensure roadway safety, the federal government mandates trucking companies to conduct pre-employment urine drug tests before allowing drivers to operate a commer- cial motor vehicle. Unfortunately, urine testing has a short detection window and is easily thwarted, leading some...

The continuous supply of reliable and affordable energy sources is crucial for driving a nation's economic activities. The phenomenon of continuous energy supply at affordable prices is called energy security. To date, more than two-thirds of the global energy demand is met by non-renewable...

This study explores how energy tax influences energy R&D investments, which further affect economic welfare, carbon emissions, and climate change under various emission abatement policies. Energy tax, as a market-based instrument, aims to adjust the energy R&D investments to the optimal level....