In this paper, the size of the informal economy of Pakistan is determined by including the legal and political-institutional variables as determinants. By using the MIMIC model average estimate for the informal economy of Pakistan is 37.75 percent from 1995 to 2017. The study tries to explore...

Islamic banks cannot launch any operations and offerings unless a Sharī’ah approval is issued from their respective Sharī’ah boards. Hence, it becomes of utmost important and useful to find out the factors that affect the credibility of Sharī’ah approvals. To achieve this objective,...

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the performance of Islamic and conventional stocks listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange by using both parametric and non-parametric approaches. The motivation is to do risk-return analysis of Islamic stock prices and conventional stock prices....