Corporate ESG performance is an important way for stakeholders to understand the corporate environment, social responsibility, and governance behavior. Under China's implementation of the "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" dual carbon strategic background, ESG has become an important tool to...

This paper investigates the free cash flow productivity of SOEs compared with non-SOEs and examines its possible determinants. We find that SOEs have slightly weak free cash flow productivity but significantly stronger than non-SOEs. Similar performance exists among commercial class I and II...

The Chinese government implemented the universal two-child policy on January 1, 2016 to arrest the decline in the nation's birthrate and address the challenge of a rapidly aging population. We find that this policy significantly increased the possibility of having children and this effect was...