The present study first examines the trends in age structural shifts in selected Asian economies over the period 1950–2050 and analyzes their impact on economic growth in terms of the first and second demographic dividends computed from the system of National Transfer Accounts. Then, using the...

In many parts of the world, schools are often used as temporary shelters before, during, and after disasters that may prolong calamity-induced school closures. In this study, we combined student assessment data from the Philippine round of the 2019 Trends in International Mathematics and Science...

We assessed the impact of compulsory kindergarten education on early-teenage basic and functional literacy skills achievement using a large-scale natural experiment in the Philippines. In 2012, the Philippine government mandated compulsory kindergarten attendance for children aged five years or...