Scientifically and accurately forecasting of future shale gas output tends is very important in making energy policies, especially for China whose historical data of shale gas output is very limited. The existing grey shale gas output prediction model does not perform well in prediction due to...

The study examines the relationship between trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions in the cumulative risks context for China's economic development and the European Union. Hypotheses derived from a review of the literature substantiate the following key findings: (1) A reduction in CO2...

Abstract Mann–Whitney-type causal effects are clinically relevant, easy to interpret, and readily applicable to a wide range of study settings. This article considers estimation of such effects when the outcome variable is a survival time subject to right censoring. We derive and discuss...