Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore, develop, and evaluate a new sustainable development goals (SDG) index that quantifies corporate social responsibility (CSR). By providing a granular perspective with clear justification for methods, this index is more applicable to academic...

Advocacy for knowledge sharing (KS) is increasing as it can improve novelty and agility in policy development and service delivery. To determine the combination of factors that best contributes to high-quality government-citizen KS, this study adopts necessary condition analysis (NCA) and a...

Abstract Propensity score weighting is a tool for causal inference to adjust for measured confounders in observational studies. In practice, data often present complex structures, such as clustering, which make propensity score modeling and estimation challenging. In addition, for clustered...

Abstract The problem of missingness in observational data is ubiquitous. When the confounders are missing at random, multiple imputation is commonly used; however, the method requires congeniality conditions for valid inferences, which may not be satisfied when estimating average causal treatment...