Energy intensity reduction targets can reduce fossil fuel consumption and excessive pollution emissions by developing renewable energy, as some existing studies suggest. Nonetheless, the contradiction that China's ecological environment has still been severely damaged after setting energy...

This study constructs a two-sector two-class economic growth model to analyze an economy described in Marx's Capital , where only the capitalist owns the means of production and maximizes the surplus value, while the worker provides labor in exchange for the minimum subsistence wage. Unlimited...

Social responsibility investment (SRI) has attracted worldwide attention for its potential in promoting investment sustainability and stability. We developed a three-step framework by incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance into portfolio optimization. In comparison...

Belief‐updating biases hinder the correction of inaccurate beliefs and lead to suboptimal decisions. We complement Rabin and Schrag's (1999) portable extension of the Bayesian model by including conservatism in addition to confirmatory bias. Additionally, we show how to identify these two...