We study the effect of the fragmentation of intellectual property rights on optimal patent design. The major finding is … requirements should be stronger than in the case of stand-alone innovation. This reduces the fragmentation of intellectual property …

efficiency of two main civil liability regimes usually enforced to protect the environment: the strict liability regime and the … independently of any liability regime. This independency has economic consequences. First, victims and polluters pit one against … another about the liability regime that the government should enforce. Hence, financially constrained polluters prefer the …

This paper aims to analyse urban mobility patterns and consequent impacts on energy and environment in India. We …

regime of taxation of goods and services in India environmental tax reform should also be incorporated to make the tax regime … play a significant role in managing environment. The environment tax reforms will yield both a fiscal double dividend and …

The debate on the trade related environment issues has intensified in the Doha Round at WTO. The idea is to ensure … Trade and Environment and the Committee on Trade and Development at the WTO were asked to act as a forum in which the … approach the trade and environment debate in a new dimension. The project based approach instead of the usual list based …

This paper looks at some of the environment related trade measures which may appear to be trade barriers at times in … the context of the WTO. It also briefly discusses WTO Agreements on environmental measures and the use of environment … related trade measures. The paper finally articulates the interests of LDCs in the area of trade and environment and how their …

ecology, environment and climate change and quality of public expenditure pose new challenges. The challenges arise because … regard, there is a need for the Commission to look at the issues in a holistic manner, integrate environment considerations … governance structures need to be established. The Commission should provide financial incentives for regional cooperation. This …