Issues, choices, and strategies in the transformation of collective and state farms in transition economies are explored. Analysis includes how other reforms have an impact on the transition in farming systems and farm structure. Economic forces to direct the changing structure of farming to the...

The Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are undertaking rapid economic and structural reforms affecting the food and agricultural sectors. The environmental problems related to agriculture now and in the recent past are more in the area of chemical and animal waste runoff than in...

The Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have been undertaking rapid economic and structural reforms that greatly affect the food and agricultural sectors. Among the republics of the former Soviet Union, they are progressing most rapidly in the privatization of land and production...

In the less than four years since Lithuanian independence, trade and trade policy have changed rapidly; and longer run tendencies in policies and trade patterns are beginning to emerge. This paper provides a brief overview of the traditional prereform trading arrangements and reviews the key...

Lithuania is one of three Baltic republics. Its area is 25.2 thousand square miles and it has a total population of 3.72 million people. The republic is currently moving towards independence. There are numerous political changes as a result. One outcome of these political changes is the reform...

The two related papers in this report were prepared for two conferences in Estonia in May 1993. The first paper (Saku) discusses alternative policy directions for Lithuanian agriculture and provides a qualitative assessment of these options. The second paper (Tartu) uses a simulation model for...

This paper reviews the price subsidy reforms in each of the Baltic States from 199 to 1992 and provides a comparison of the differing decisions and preliminary results. Although price levels and compensation mechanisms differ, the pattern in all three states is to let negotiations between...

Experiences in transition economies have shown that the simultaneity of macroeconomic and sectoral reforms is important to the success of both. In Lithuania, macroeconomic, agrarian, and other sectoral reforms were implemented concurrently. Real wages and income have declined sharply, inflation...

Lithuania has been progressing rapidly in the privatization of agriculture and the development of market economy mechanisms. An important component of the transition reforms has been the deregulation of input, farm, and consumer prices. The context, processes, and results of the price policies...

Historically, the Baltic states of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia have been known primarily as agricultural countries. This description has determined the significance of all the changes and reforms that have been undertaken in the agrarian sector, including both the production and social...