marginal cost of violence always reduces violence, while increasing the indiscriminate fixed cost may backfire and result in …

We investigate the empirical impact of violence as compared to other trade impediments on trade flows. Our analysis is …

This paper isolates the causal effect of policing on group violence, using unique panel data on self-reported crime by … soccer and ice hockey hooligans. The problem of reverse causality from violence to policing is solved by two drastic … violence increased dramatically during these periods. …

implications for welfare policy. This paper puts forward a theoretical framework that rationalizes why men may use violence …-monotonic relationship between the gender wage gap and domestic violence. We explore the implication of this result in the context of various … incidence of domestic violence. Instead, specific measures and incentives may have to be targeted at different types of …

This paper provides the first causal evidence that hostile activities online lead to physical violence. Given the …

exposure to violence substantially increases present bias – choice of the smaller, immediate reward over the larger, later … mitigates the differences in behavior between those who were exposed to violence and those who were not. Our findings suggest … patient choices and mitigate the elevated impulsivity of individuals that have experienced violence. We measure our treatment …

This paper studies the causal effect of status differences on moral disengagement and violence. To measure violent … the role of status inequality on violence suggests an important societal cost of economic and social inequalities. …