Large-scale modeling systems have long been viewed as potentially valuable tools for evaluating farm policy. They have received increased attention in recent years, in part because of the added complexity of U.S. farm programs and the fuller integration of the U.S. farm sector with nonfarm...

In July 1989, U.S. negotiators presented a tariffication proposal at the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) meeting in Geneva. According to that proposal, all agricultural nontariff barriers (NTBs) such as quotas and variable import levies would be converted to equivalent ad valorem...

Granger Causality tests are run to examine the causal relationships between the trade deficit, another macroeconomic variable, and U.S. prices. The results show that strong causal relationships run from the trade deficit to agricultural prices but not to nonagricultural prices. Results of...

The United States has an extensive assistance program for less developed countries (LDCs), although its contribution is the lowest among the developed market economies in percent of allocated GNP (OECD 1988). On average for 1985/86, about 11.2 percent or $1.05 billion (1985 prices and exchange...

Endogenizing the exchange rat in trade models over the period of fixed and flexible exchange rate systems poses an econometric problem in the estimation because of the fixity of the exchange rate under the fixed exchange rate system. An econometric technique, the grafted polynomial approach, is...

In a static setting, willingness to pay for an environmental improvement is equal to compensating variation. However, in a dynamic setting characterized by uncertainty, irreversibility, and the potential for learning, willingness to pay may also contain an option value. In this paper, we...

Lithuania is one of three Baltic republics. Its area is 25.2 thousand square miles and it has a total population of 3.72 million people. The republic is currently moving towards independence. There are numerous political changes as a result. One outcome of these political changes is the reform...

This study advances, and experimentally tests, a new explanation for the disparity between willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA)—a dynamic neoclassical theory based on the presence of commitment costs. While to date neoclassical models have not explained the observed...

In a recent study, Starleaf, Meyers, and Womack (S-M-W, 1985) analyzed the behavior of annual time series data in the United States on various farm and nonfarm price indices over the 1929-1983 period and three subperiods in order to examine the proposition that changes in the general rate of...

The U.S. Export Enhancement Program (EEP) was built into the 1985 U.S. Food Security Act with a major objective being to increase sales of U.S. agricultural commodities. Through the EEP, the U.S. government subsidizes exports of agricultural commodities to targeted countries. The EEP was applied...