For 188 independent countries in 2000, 72 had no state religion in the years 2000, 1970, and 1900; 58 had a state … religion at all three dates; and 58 had some kind of transition. Among the 58 transitional countries, 12 had two transitions, 4 … of which (former Soviet Republics in Asia) involved two forms of state religion. The probability of having a state …

Two important theories of religiosity are the secularization hypothesis and the religion-market model. According to the … depends on the presence of a state religion, regulation of the religion market, suppression of organized religion under … religion tends to increase religiosity, probably because of the subsidies that flow to organized religion. However, in …

attendance and religious beliefs are positively related to education (thereby conflicting with theories in which religion … and lower fertility. We investigate the effects of official state religions, government regulation of the religion market … the measures of official state religion, government regulation, and religious pluralism …