This paper has been prepared as a part of a broader Ezoneplus project that evaluates European Monetary Union (EMU) and its enlargement to prospective members in central and eastern Europe. The project is financially supported by European Commission (HPSE-CT-2001-00084). It contains the following...

The gender pay gap in Europe is between 15% and 25%, and is narrowing only slowly. This poses a considerable challenge for gender equality – a core value of modernity and democracy. Three routes to reducing this gap are discussed: strategic litigation, collective bargaining and...