We analyse causality between real values of expenditure on Research and Development, RD, and Gross Domestic Product, Gdp, in 15 countries of European Union and the United States for 1993-2003, by means of Granger´s test and an interdependent dynamic model. The lower averages of RD expenditure...

Aux États-Unis, les années 1990 consacrent la montée en puissance des fonds de capital-risque comme sources de financement pour les entreprises spécialisées dans les technologies de l'information. Plus précisément, les secteurs des logiciels et des communications reçoivent les montants...

In the last years an increasing trend has taken place in the universities of the whole world to protecting their inventions across rights of patents. This fact reflects the major usefulness of the university investigation and the intention of transferring these results to the industry. In this...

[ES] En los últimos años se ha producido en las universidades de todo el mundo una tendencia creciente a proteger sus invenciones a través de derechos de patentes. Este hecho refleja la mayor aplicabilidad de la investigación universitaria y la intención de transferir estos resultados al...

We explain per-capita income gaps across US states and Canadian provinces by the following chain of causation. Geography determined where Europeans originally settled: in Northeastern USA, along those segments of the Atlantic coast where the climate was neither too hot (the US South), nor too...

Abstract The East Asian countries achieved extraordinarily fast economic growth during the last four decades. Indeed, it would be no exaggeration to say that they represented the most successful case of rapid industrialisation and sustained economic growth in the history of mankind. This paper...

The paper presents the main conclusions of the CoCKEAS European project (Coordinating Competencies and Knowledge in the European Automobile System). It analyses the main changes in the organisation of the European automotive system, not only in the relationships between carmakers and their first...