the intermediate from vertically integrated producers, or from independent suppliers. In both cases, offshoring part of …

In oligopolistic industries, increased cost saving opportunities via offshoring have a moderating effect on trade … offshoring, and it is only at that level that further economic integration will lead to both wage moderation and offshoring … activities. Therefore, our analysis suggests that rather than provoking a downsizing of the welfare state, offshoring defines an …

We analyze the relationship between offshoring and the onshore workforce composition in German multinational … enterprises (MNEs), using plant data that allow us to discern tasks, occupations, and workforce skills. Offshoring is associated … not alter the direction of the relationship. We find offshoring to predict between 10 and 15 percent of observed changes …

effects. On the other hand, when looking at the effects of offshore outsourcing, the results are ambiguous. …