contribution of automation to the task content and skills complexity of the jobs of incumbent workers. Despite the recent focus on … the polarising impact of automation and associated reskilling needs of lower-skilled individuals, our evidence also draws …

parties, allowing automation of service management and replacing many manual activities. Automation provides two-way real …

We show, theoretically and empirically, that the effects of technological change associated with automation and … is that better matches enjoy a comparative advantage in exploiting automation and a comparative disadvantage in … exploiting offshoring. It implies that automation (offshoring) may reduce (raise) employment by lengthening (shortening …

supply on automation innovation by exploiting an immigrant placement policy in Germany during the 1990s and 2000s. Difference …-in-differences estimates indicate that one additional worker per 1,000 manual and unskilled workers reduces automation innovation by 0 …