Metaheuristics have shown promising performance in solving various deterministic optimization problems, but their performance may deteriorate drastically when tackling problems containing stochastic multiple objectives that should be optimized simultaneously. In recent years, a large amount of...

In this paper, we investigate a stochastic appointment scheduling problem in an outpatient clinic with a single doctor. The number of patients and their sequence of arrivals are fixed, and the scheduling problem is to determine an appointment time for each patient. The service durations of the...

Elective surgery patients have surgery in the operating room (OR), and then recover in one or more downstream recovery units for several consecutive hours or days after surgery. Upstream scheduling that focuses on OR alone or a resource-constrained scheduling approach that fails to account for...