The issue of energy prices presents an extremely topical theme with a major impact on human society. Energy demand is constantly increasing and most regions of the world are facing serious difficulties in ensuring sufficient energy supplies. However, not only global events affect energy prices...

The hike in energy prices across Europe in 2022 and 2023 led to significant government interventions. Several governments introduced 'energy price cap' measures to alleviate the increased burden on households' expenditures. This paper presents an ex ante assessment of the expected distributional...