The paper explores the long versus short-term attributes of the airline industry exposure to oil price risk in a … significant, robust, and pervasive, and is coupled with a concerning exposure to the US dollar currency risk. As another …

productivity differences, immigration from a poor source country is larger. Among poor source country immigrants, their exposure to … culture and assimilate. The integration of new immigrants into host country culture is determined by the amount of exposure to … co-ethnics and the incentives attached to learning. But exposure to co-ethnics and incentives to learn are dependent on …