Jakarta's main streets are landscaped, manicured, and modern. Off these streets, however, the environment is that of an overgrown village. Compared to other Asian cities, Jakarta's drinking water, sewerage treatment, solid waste disposal, and general environment are seriously deficient. This...

PORTERA common problem of finite-horizon planning models is that there is no logical determinant of investment in the final year (s). Where post-horizon production is not valued by a model, later-year investment, whose sole function is creation of capacity for post-horizon output, looks as...

In discussions of the economic problems of underdeveloped countries, the thinking of layman and of professional economists often diverge!'; widely. Nowhere is this disagreement more patent than in the case of food production and its effects upon the price level. In government agencies,...

An attempt is made in this paper to appraise the extent to which the income velocity concepti is a useful tool in the financial planning of the Second Five Year Plan. For many years now, economists have been skeptical of the efficacy of velocity analysis, but most of this skepticism derives from...

Professors Patrick and Chandler have shown, carefully and correctly, that my analysis depends critically upon a particular assumption. Despite their vehement disagreement with this assumption-that farmers will hold a larger part of their wealth in food grains when the alternative is to convert...

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As cities in the developing world grow, their poor residents are being deprived of services, especially water, sewer, and solid waste collection, that can only be purchased expensively in private markets. But the inadequate provision of urban environmental services is not inevitable. A lack of...

Our paper examines the volatility spillover between the stock market and the foreign exchange market in Pakistan. For long run relationship we use Engle Granger two step procedure and the volatility spillover is modelled through bivariate EGARCH method. The estimated results from cointegration...