For the purposes of the discussion in this paper, whether markets are integrated or segmented is endogenous and is determined by the interaction of demand parameters, tariffs, transportation costs, and arbitrage. Given certain restrictions, it is shown, in equilibrium, that policymakers choose...

Consumers, when ill, often have the choice of being treated for free in a public hospital or at a positive price in a private hospital. To compensate for the positive price, private hospitals offer a higher quality treatment. Private hospitals and doctors also have a degree of monopoly power in...

The future complexity of strategic issues in international structural change wasdemonstrated by UK and SA ports. This arose from the likely extent of structuralconstraints and the effects of stakeholder power.From a review of emerging Advanced Systems Theory a new Boundary -spanningperspective...

The freight forwarder has been threatened with 'disintermediation' foryears. This research looks at the relationships in the global logistics triadcomprising the forwarder, the shipper, and the airline or ocean carrier.The middle-man in service industries such as freight forwarding performsthe...

In an environment where GPs are of differing quality and heterogeneous patients have di?erent preferences for quality, it is shown that fee-for-service coupled with balance billing is a superior payment scheme to just fee-for-service or capitation payments as it generates an e?cient allocation...

A soft budget constraint arises when a government is unable to commit to not `bailout' a public hospital if the public hospital exhausts its budget before the end of the budget period. It is shown that if the political costs of a `bailout' are relatively small, then the public hospital exhausts...

A model of costly medical malpractice claims, based on Bayes Rule, is developed to examine the effects of physicians being liable for actual damage under a negligence rule. This model is consistent with empirical evidence concerning the pattern of claims. It is shown that compensating actual...