An argument for adjusting Black Scholes implied call deltas downwards for a gamma exposure in a left skewed market is presented. It is shown that when the objective for the hedge is the conservation of capital ignoring the gamma for the delta position is expensive. The gamma adjustment factor in...

Representing continuously compounded returns by their four bilateral gamma parameter estimates a multiclass classification support vector machine is trained on a sample less than one percent of the data to predict the asset class. The asset classes considered are equities, volatility,...

Two price economy principles motivate measuring risk by the cost of acquiring the opposite of the centered or pure risk position at its upper price. Asymmetry in returns leads to differences in risk charges for short and long positions. Short risk charges dominate long ones when the upper tail...

An argument for adjusting Black Scholes implied call deltas downwards for a gamma exposure in a left skewed market is presented. It is shown that when the objective for the hedge is the conservation of capital ignoring the gamma for the delat position is expensive. The gamma adjustment factor in...

Comonotone additivity for two price economy bid and ask prices motivates combining bid prices for call options with the ask prices for puts and the converse to construct two densities (termed lower and upper) reflected by these prices. Bilateral gamma models are fit to estimate these the lower...

It is generally said that out-of-the-money call options are expensive and one can ask the question from which moneyness level this is the case. Expensive actually means that the price one pays for the option is more than the discounted average payoff one receives. If so, the option bears a...

Stationary Increment Tempered Fractional Lévy Processes (TFLP) introduced by Boniece, Didier and Sabzikar (2020) are applied to financial data. They are used to model the stochastic drift rate of a mean reverting equation. The new processes are called OU processes with a TFLP drift rate....