Using the implied volatility smirk on individual equity securities to measure perceived tail risk, we find that better environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices and better practices in each individual E, S, and G pillar significantly reduce ex-ante expectations of a left-tail event....

The collapse of the recent housing price bubble precipitated the 2007-2008 financial crisis and caused international funding liquidity to dry up. We investigate how economic policies undertaken by the Federal Reserve and U.S. Treasury around the crisis impacted global liquidity by examining the...

We use an empirical model to categorize firms into portfolios based on operational risk. Using these portfolios, we show that a strategy of buying firms in the highest decile of operational risk and shorting firms in the lowest decile of operational risk earned a positive but insignificant...