This paper examines the sensitivity of firms´ R&D expenditures to being externally financial constrained to undertake innovation projects, considering that being constrained is endogenous. It focuses on devising a model that enable us to explore the combined impact of liquidity constraints,...

Consisting of teams working with firm level data, the International Study Group on Exports and Productivity has used comparable micro level panel data for 14 countries and a set of identically specified empirical models to investigate the relationship between exports and productivity. The...

This paper explores the relationship between productivity and sourcing strategies using a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms. In this analysis we use different measures of productivity and alternative ways of grouping firms. Our results indicate that productivity differs systematically across...

The recent evolution of the international trade has been characterized, among others factors, by an increasing supplying of intermediate inputs in the international markets. In this article these firm’s decisions are analyzed, comparing the characteristics of size, productivity, age, intensity...

Spanish Abstract: Esta contribución muestra la estructura de la legislación alimentaria de la UE según un estudio de la Universidad de Wageningen en los Países Bajos. La estructura del derecho alimentario en la UE puede usarse como referencia para la enseñanza, aplicación, futuros...

A comparative analysis of toxicities of both arsenic forms (arsenite and arsenate) in the model eukaryotic microorganism Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) has shown the presence of various detoxification mechanisms and cellular effects comparable to those of animal cells under arsenic...

This paper offers an empirical assessment of the scope elasticity of multinational activity at the world level. By scope elasticity, we refer to the relationship between the productivity of the parent firm and the probability of operating in a given foreign market through subsidiaries with the...