The greatest challenge to the sustainability of our current era of globalization comes from within the United States. Most Americans have come to reject globalization. We must discern the lessons from the parts of the developed world where the backlash is also profound—France, for...

Theodore Levitt was one of the first scholars to write a high-impact article on globalization aimed at business managers. Now, two decades later, "The Globalization of Markets" is still widely read. Rather than agreeing with Levitt, however, most observers today believe that his arguments were...

The rise and fall of multinational empires have indelibly transformed the political-economic history of Eastern Europe - redrawing its borders, recasting its economic institutions, and redefining the identities of its nations. Just as the political economy of interwar Eastern Europe was shaped...

Recent decades have witnessed the remarkable rise of a kind of market authority almost as centralized as the state itself - two credit rating agencies, Moody's and Standard and Poor's. These agencies derive their influence from two sources. The first is the information content of their ratings....

The 1990s were a difficult decade for the rouble, the Soviet currency that in 1991 became the common currency for all 15 post-Soviet states, and by 1995 had become Russia's currency alone. Within Russia the rouble was systematically rejected by firms and citizens in favour of complicated barter...

The national identities of post-Soviet societies profoundly influenced the politics and economics of Eurasia during the 1990s. These identities varied along two distinct but related dimensions: their content and contestation. Nationalist movements throughout post-Soviet Eurasia invoked their...

The end of the world as we know it. Once upon a time, not very long ago, economic globalization - the free worldwide flow of capital, goods, and labor - looked both inevitable and inexorable. Most governments seemed to embrace the very real benefits being offered by rapid technological change...